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Rhetorical Modes - Presentation Transcript
- The Rhetorical modes Academic Writing Unit EW 3 classes Ms. A. Rodriguez High School for World Cultures Bronx, New York
- What does the five-paragraph essay look like?
- INTRODUCTION: The first paragraph contains the summary of topic, three supporting ideas, and the thesis statement .
- BODY : The second paragraph contains the first supporting idea with evidence. The last sentence of it leads into the next idea.
- BODY : The third paragraph contains the second supporting idea with the same structure as the second.
- BODY : The fourth paragraph contains the third supporting idea and the same structure as the second and third with the last sentence leading to the conclusion.
- CONCLUSION: The last paragraph restates the thesis, three supporting ideas, and gives the reader something to think about.
- What is a thesis statement?
- A thesis statement is a section of text which clearly outlines the argument that will be presented in a paper.
- Ex: It is a great idea for schools to implement a policy on school uniforms because statistics show that students who wear uniforms earn better grades , the male students aren't as distracted by what the female students are (or aren't) wearing, and students feel a sense of equality with one another.
- Thesis statements include the points that will be supported in the argument.
- Why do we need to know this?
- Rhetorical modes are the kinds of writing and their purposes.
- Knowing the rhetorical modes helps us recognize them in essay questions and writing exams.
- Knowing the styles and the techniques helps us create polished pieces of writing .
- What are the four most common rhetorical modes?
- Argumentation: The purpose of argumentation is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view.
- Description: The purpose of description visually present a person, place, event, or action .
- Narration: The purpose of narration is to tell a story or narrate an event or series of events .
- Exposition: The purpose of exposition is to explain and analyze information.
- Argumentation
- The purpose of argumentation (sometimes also called persuasive writing ) is to prove the validity of an idea, or point of view, by presenting sound reasoning, discussion, and argument that thoroughly convince the reader.
- Persuasive writing is a type of argumentation with the additional aim to urge the reader to take some form of action .
- Examples of argumentation writing
- Descriptive
- Descriptive writing is characterized by sensory details, which appeal to the physical senses, and details that appeal to a reader’s emotional, physical, or intellectual sensibilities
- A description is usually arranged spatially but can be chronological. The focus of a description is the scene.
- Description uses tools such as figurative language, metaphor, and simile to arrive at a dominant impression.
- Description
- The purpose of description is to re-create, invent, or visually present a person, place, event, or action so that the reader can picture that which is being described.
- Descriptive writing can be found in the other rhetorical modes.
- Examples of description writing
- Narration
- The purpose of narration is to tell a story or narrate an event or series of events.
- This writing mode frequently uses the tools of descriptive writing.
- Narration is an especially useful tool for sequencing or putting details and information into some kind of logical order, usually chronological.
- Examples of narrative writing
- Anecdote: a short tale narrating an interesting or amusing biographical incident
- Autobiography : a biography written by its subject (or sometimes, in modern usage, composed conjointly with a collaborative writer , styled "as told to" or "with").
- Memoir - Closely associated with autobiography , difficult to precisely distinguish from it, is the form of memoir. As a literary genre, a memoir , forms a subclass of autobiography
- Biography: a description of someone's life, usually published in the form of a book or essay, or in some other form, such as a film.
- Novel: "short story of something new" is today a long narrative in literary prose.
- Oral histories: can be defined as the recording, preservation and interpretation of historical information, based on the personal experiences and opinions of the speaker.
- Short stories: The short story refers to a work of fiction that is usually written in prose, usually in narrative format.
- Exposition
- The purpose of exposition (or expository writing) is to explain and analyze information by presenting an idea, relevant evidence, and appropriate discussion.
- What are some types of expository writing?
- Classification and Division
- Examples of expository writing
- How-to essays, such as recipes and other instructions
- Cause and effect
- The defining features of a cause and effect essay are causal chains , careful language, and chronological or emphatic order .
- This rhetorical mode is often required on History exams.
- Ex: What led to the outbreak of World War I?
- Ex: What led to the Japanese Internment?
- Classification and division
- Classification is the categorization of objects into a larger whole ,
- Division is the breaking of a larger whole into smaller parts.
- Classification essays are often used in the sciences including sociology and psychology.
- Comparison and Contrast
- Compare and contrast is characterized by a basis for comparison, points of comparison , analogies, and either comparison by object (chunking) or by point (sequential).
- Comparison highlights the similarities between two or more similar objects while contrasting highlights the differences between two or more objects.
- Ex: Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic
- Basis for comparison: both geographic areas
- Comparison point by point- Caribbean cultures, former Spanish colonies, racial mixture due to historical events,
- Contrast point by point- Size, relationship to the United States, level of development, Citizenship and migration patterns.
- Block Arrangement (four paragraphs)
- I. Introduction in which you state your purpose which is to discuss the differences between vacationing in the mountains or at the beach
- II. Mountain A. Climate B. Types of Activities C. Location
- III. Beach A. Climate B. Types of Activities C. Location
- Point-by-Point or Alternating Arrangement (five paragraphs)
- I. Introduction in which you state your purpose which is to discuss differences between vacationing in the mountains or at the beach
- II. First difference between mountains and beaches is climate A. Mountains B. Beach
- III. Second difference between mountains and beaches are types of activities A. Mountains B. Beach
- IV. Third difference between mountains and beaches is the location A. Mountains B. Beach
- Definition
- Definition essays explain a term's meaning. Some are written about concrete terms, such as trees, oceans, and dogs, while others talk about more abstract terms, such as liberty, happiness, and virtue.
- What does it mean to be Latino?
- What is cultural diffusion?
- Process Analysis
- Process analysis essays explain the “process” of how to do something, or how something was done.
- An action is broken down into steps and explained.
- References
- http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080901114401AAFpmXD
